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[email protected]

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"An Upgrade of Hasmonean Coins"

 By: Yehoshua Zlotnik                [email protected]

 Ancient Jewish coins were first minted at the end of the Persian period. The Persian government authorized the rulers of the Yehud to mint miniature silver coins

called obols, in the weight of 0.7 gr`, and its fractions. On one side of these coins, there is a lily and the Paleo-Hebrew inscription "Yehud".

 In the Hellenistic period, during the rule of Ptolemy II, Philadelphus and Ptolemy III, tiny silver coins were minted, almost identical in their size to those of the Persian period, with the Paleo- Hebrew inscription Yehudh. When the bronze coins were introduced at that time, the tiny silver coins were no longer used.

 Until the time of the Seleucid ruler Antiochus VII, Sidetes, the Jews did not mint any coins. A breakthrough in the Jewish minting occurred when Antiochus VII, Sidetes, the Seleucid king allowed the minting of Jewish coins. In a letter addressed to Shimon the Hashmonean, The High Priest and leader to the Jewish people, it read: "And I allow you to make your own coin, a coin for your country".

But the minting of independent coins started only in the time of his son and successor, Yehohanan Hyrcanus I.

 Hyrcanus I was the first Hasmonean to renew the minting of Jewish coins. It was thanks to the political situation at that time, the Seleucid rule suffering from internal conflicts and continuous struggles, that it became possible for him to get the authority to mint. The first coin minted by him in Jerusalem was with the Hebrew emblem of a lily. Following his conquests to expand his kingdom territory, after the death of Antiochus VII, Sidetes, Hyrcanus improved his status and so decreased his dependence on the Seleucid ruler Demetrius II.

 From the new emblems on the coins minted by Hyrcanus I, we can learn about his status, since some of them do not include sovereign Seleucid features, which indicates political independence. Moreover, as written in Jewish Antiquity by Josephus ( 13, 254-255), Hyrcanus conquests right after the death of Antiochus, and his behavior imply political independence which is expressed in the inscriptions on his coins. A characteristic of Hyrcanus coins which were issued in gradually changing models is that the first had Seleucid features (in part) and the other series had unmistakable Jewish features and inscriptions in Paleo-Hebrew. This can be shown by Hyrcanus first's coins and those of his successors. Since the Hasmonean period and during its time, only bronze coins were minted, indicates a state of dependence or that they continued to use silver coins that were still in circulation.

 While some of Hyrcanus's coins are undated, the numismatic researches concerning the beginning of Hyrcanus minting still show different opinions. In the lecture, a number of new suggestions will be presented concerning the Hasmonean minting and the upgrading processes of the coins.

The son of Hyrcanus I, Judah Aristobolus, adopted a few of his father's coin models. However king Alexander Jannaeus who had conquered many regions, part of which are populated by foreigners, did introduce some essential changes to the minting. In addition to his predecessors' standard models, he also issued coins of the kingdom, among them bilingual coin: Paleo-Hebrew/Greek, and Aramaic/Greek, in order to adjust them to the new populations conquered by king Alexander Jannaeus.

 A review of these processes and other numismatic aspects will be discussed in detail the next lecture.

 

 
 
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Created by Ronkal, 2002