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Akko Ptolemais  coins minting  and  its  distribution (Lecture review)

by Yeoshua Zlotnik

 The lecture on Akko Ptolemais coins minting and distribution refers to coins that were minted in Akko during the Hellenistic, Roman (Autonomous and Colonial coins), Islamic and Crusader periods.

 Before it began minting coins, the city served as the central harbor of southern Phoenicia and as an international port in the east Mediterranean sea and thus held strategic importance, due to its location between Egypt and Syria and its contribution to marine trade throughout the Mediterranean sea.

 Alexander the Great, who conquered Akko in the year 333 B.C. without a battle, granted the city the authority to mint silver Autonomous coins in his name, a decision that later removed from circulation the Athenian, Persian and Sidonian coins that until then were used in the region, as well as the Akko silver coins, that had been used in regional and local trade (in the Land of Israel). This had a strong impact on the economic activity of the city in some parts of Israel, as it is expressing in the findings of the distribution of coins, a topic that shall be covered in the second part of the lecture.

 Akko continue to mint additional coins under the rule of the Ptolemy kingdom, beginning with Ptolemy the 2nd, who appointed a new name for it � Ptolemmais, in the second century B.C. This name was maintained until the 7th century A.D. After that, the control of the city was relinquished to the Seleucid kingdom in the year 200 B.C., the Seleucid kings start to mint Autonomous coins until their kingdom began to gradually decline and lost its political power.

The Romans, who took rule and authority in the region, changed the status of the city to that of a colony, thereby granting Roman citizenship. During the beginning of the first Jewish revolt against the Romans in the year 66 A.D., Akko served as a base for the Roman Legions, who arrived via Akko harbor to repress the first revolt in  Galilee.

During this lecture I will exhibit several coins, for example, such relating to the ceremony of the establishment of the new colonial city, the rituals of the Akko temples, and more.

 In the middle of the 3rd century A.D. the minting operation in Akko ceased. No coins were minted in Akko during the Byzantine period, but minting was resumed at a later period by the Muslims, who conquered the city in the year 636 A.D. The Muslims ruled the city until the year 1104 A.D., when they were overthrown by the Crusader Baldwin 1st, King of Jerusalem. After the decline of the crusader kingdom of Jerusalem, especially upon being defeated by the Muslims in the Hittin Battle, the Crusader Capital was reinstated in Akko, an event contributing to the renewal of its coin minting process. As an example we may consider the coins of Henry the 1st de Champagne with the lily insignia, which replaced the Jerusalem coinage models.

The minting in Akko ceased in the year 1291 A.D., when the Mamluks conquered the city. This marked the end of the crusader era as well as the minting of coins in Akko.

 The review about the findings of Akko coins distribution in other parts of Israel will illustrate the importance of this port city and its economic standing throughout the coins minting periods.

 
 
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Created by Ronkal, 2002