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Akko Ptolemais
coins minting and its distribution
(Lecture review)
by Yeoshua Zlotnik
The lecture on Akko Ptolemais coins minting
and distribution refers to coins that were minted in Akko during the
Hellenistic, Roman (Autonomous and Colonial coins), Islamic and
Crusader periods.
Before it began minting coins, the
city served as the central harbor of southern Phoenicia and as an
international port in the east Mediterranean sea and thus held
strategic importance, due to its location between Egypt and Syria
and its contribution to marine trade throughout the Mediterranean
sea.
Alexander the Great, who conquered
Akko in the year 333 B.C. without a battle, granted the city the
authority to mint silver Autonomous coins in his name, a decision
that later removed from circulation the Athenian, Persian and
Sidonian coins that until then were used in the region, as well as
the Akko silver coins, that had been used in regional and local
trade (in the Land of Israel). This had a strong impact on the
economic activity of the city in some parts of Israel, as it is
expressing in the findings of the distribution of coins, a topic
that shall be covered in the second part of the lecture.
Akko continue to mint additional coins under the rule of the Ptolemy
kingdom, beginning with Ptolemy the 2nd, who appointed a
new name for it � Ptolemmais, in the second century B.C. This name
was maintained until the 7th century A.D. After that, the
control of the city was relinquished to the Seleucid kingdom in the
year 200 B.C., the Seleucid kings start to mint Autonomous coins
until their kingdom began to gradually decline and lost its
political power.
The Romans, who took rule and authority in the region, changed the
status of the city to that of a colony, thereby granting Roman
citizenship. During the beginning of the first Jewish revolt against
the Romans in the year 66 A.D., Akko served as a base for the Roman
Legions, who arrived via Akko harbor to repress the first revolt in
Galilee.
During this lecture I will exhibit several coins, for example, such
relating to the ceremony of the establishment of the new colonial
city, the rituals of the Akko temples, and more.
In the middle of the 3rd
century A.D. the minting operation in Akko ceased. No coins were
minted in Akko during the Byzantine period, but minting was resumed
at a later period by the Muslims, who conquered the city in the year
636 A.D. The Muslims ruled the city until the year 1104 A.D.,
when they were overthrown by the Crusader Baldwin 1st, King of
Jerusalem. After the decline of the crusader kingdom of Jerusalem,
especially upon being defeated by the Muslims in the Hittin Battle,
the Crusader Capital was reinstated in Akko, an event contributing
to the renewal of its coin minting process. As an example we may
consider the coins of Henry the 1st de Champagne with the
lily insignia, which replaced the Jerusalem coinage models.
The minting in Akko ceased in the year 1291 A.D., when the Mamluks
conquered the city. This marked the end of the crusader era as well
as the minting of coins in Akko.
The review about the findings of Akko coins distribution in other
parts of Israel will illustrate the importance of this port city and
its economic standing throughout the coins minting periods. |